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IV კურსი. ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის უნივერსიტეტი
sityva ,,demokratia” momdinareobs berZnulidan. ,,demos” niSnavs ,,xalxs”, xolo ,,kratos” ,,mmarTvelobas”. demokratiis Sesaxeb bevri dawerila da albaT momavalSic daiwereba. igi rogorc Zveli berZeni swavlulebis, ise Tanamedrove politikuri Teoritikosebis ganxilvis da kvlevis sagania. da mainc, am xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi demokratiis Tema ara Tu ar amowurula, aramed SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is dRes iseTi aqtualuria, rogorc arc arasodes yofila. xazgasasmelia is garemoebac, rom demokratiis gageba yovelTvis erTnairi, sworxazovani ar yofila. istoriis svlasTan erTad demokratiisadmi damokidebulebac Seicvala. Zveli berZnebisaTvis igi mmarTvelobis mankier formasTan asocirdeboda da erTgvarad gaigivebuli iyo ,,brbos mmarTvelobasTan”. aristotele magaliTad aRniSnavda, rom saukeTesoa mmarTvelobis iseTi forma, romelic miznad isaxavs mTeli sazogadoebis keTildReobas. aseTad mas miaCnda poliarqia, xolo demokratia misi azriT iTvaliswinebs ara mTeli sazogadoebis, aramed mxolod Raribebis interesebs. amdenad, is mmarTvelobis araswor formas warmoadgens. demokratias mmarTvelobis araswor formad dResac ganixilaven mas kritikosebi. uinston CerCilma erTxel xumrobiT Tqva, rom demokratia aris mmarTvelobis yvelaze uaresi forma Tu ar CavTvliT mmarTvelobis yvela sxva cnobil formebs. unda aRiniSnos, rom mmarTvelobis sami ZiriTadi formidan: avtoritarizmi, totalitarizmi da demokratia istoriulad yvelaze metad avtoritaruli mmarTveloba iyo gavrcelebuli. XX saukunis 90-iani wlebisTvis msoflioSi saxelmwifoTa absolitur umravlesobaSi avtoritaruli reJimi iyo gavrcelebuli. laTinuri amerikis da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi 1980-ian wlebSi avtoritarizmi iyo mmarTvelobis Cveulebrivi forma, demokratia ki jer kidev ,,gamonaklis movlenas” warmoadgenda. Tu XX saukune SeiZleba erTgvarad daxasiaTdes rogorc avtoritarizmis xana, igives ver vityviT XXI saukuneze. dRes saxelmwifos ganviTarebis erT-erT mTavar sazoms warmoadgens is, Tu ramdenad demokratiulia is, ramdenad daculia masSi adamianis rogorc moqalaqis ZiriTadi uflebebi. avtoritaruli saxelmwifos imiji dRes ar aris sasargeblo saerTaSoriso asparezze. aseTi saxelmwifo ganixileba rogorc arasando partniori. iseTi saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, rogoricaa nato da evrokavSiri pirdapir moiTxoven demokratiuli faseulobebis dacvas saxelmwifoebisagan. aucilebelia, rom saxelmwifoebi akmayofilebdnen mTel rig kriteriumebs, raTa gaxdnen maTi srulfasovani wevrebi. evrokavSiris regulaciebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa ara marto wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis, aramed im qveynebisTvisac, romlebic iswrafvian evrokavSirSi gawevrianebisaken. ,,civi omis” periodSi arsebuli dapirispireba sabWoTa kavSirsa da aSS-s Soris arsebiTad SeiZleba SevafasoT rogorc dapirispireba totalitarizmsa da demokratias Soris. igi aSS-s erTpirovnuli gamarjvebiT dasrulda. swored aman ubiZga frensis fukuiamas Tavis ,,istoriis dasasrulSi” imis Tqmisken, rom demokratias alternativa ar gaaCnia, rom mxolod amerikuli stilis liberaluri demokratia gvTavazobs sicocxlisunarian ekonomikur da politikur sistemebs. XX saukunis avtoritaruli da totalitaruli reJimebis ngreviT erTgvarad gamarTlda fukuiamas winaswarmetyveleba. avtoritaruli reJimebis ngreva Cveni istoriis Tanmdev movlenad iqca. amis erT-erTi mizezi SeiZleba iyos isic, rom XXI saukuneSi aseTi reJimebisadmi damokidebuleba Seicvala. saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba ar aris Semwynarebeli maT mimarT. igi aRiqmeba, rogorc saerTaSoriso sistemisTvis, msofliosTvis ara sasurveli da saWiroa misi reformireba da es ar warmoadgens, mxolod konkretuli saxelmwifos mosaxleobis sazrunavs, saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba valdebulebas iRebs Caerios am saxelmwifos Sida saqmeebSi raTa aRkveTos is usamarTloba, romelsac saxelmwifo iCens Tavisi moqalaqeebis mimarT. magram aq dgeba meore sakiTxi ramdenad marTebulia saxelmwifos Sida saqmeebSi Careva? vin iZleva imis garantias, rom Camrevi saxelmwifo ar gadaametebs Tavis funqciebs da dakmayofildeba, mxolod daZabuli mdgomareobis ganmuxtviT? Ees kiTxva dRemde pasuxgaucemelia. liberaluri demokratia rogorc dasavluri fenomeni dafuZnebulia swored dasavlur kulturaze da Rirebulebebze, swored es aris erT –erTi umTavresi mizezi imisa, rom igi ver imkvidrebs fexs islamur samyaroSi. islamur saxelmwifoebSi ufro metia religiis gavlena dasavlur samyarosTan SedarebiT, rom aviRoT igive adamianis uflebebi, vnaxavT, rom islamur samyaroSi qalTa uflebebi ar aris im doneze ganviTarebuli, rogorc dasavleTis demokratiul samyaroSi. demokratiis damkvidrebisTvis jer saWiroa saTanado niadagis momzadeba. is saxelmwifoebi, romlebsac ar aqvT demokratiis gamocdileba, awydebian rig problemebs misi damyarebis procesSi. es gamowveulia imiT, rom maT ar aqvT saTanado politikuri kultura, ar arsebobs samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, romelic aqtiur monawileobas iRebs politikur procesebSi. saWiroa am sazogadoebis politikuri cnobierebis gardaqmna. yovelive amas ki sakmaod didi dro sWirdeba. im saxelmwifoebma, romlebic demokratiuli aRmSeneblobis gzaze dganan, saWiroa reformebi ganaxorcielon nabij-nabij da ara erTbaSad. zog SemTxvevaSi demokratiaze gadasvlis dros saxelmwifoebi ar iTvaliswineben im faqts, rom demokratias Sesabamisi safuZvlis momzadeba sWirdeba da iseT politikur kursebs axorcieleben, rogorsac ganviTarebuli demokratiuli saxelmwifoebi. magram vinaidan mas ar aqvs myari safuZveli ar aris efeqturi. Sedegad ki viRebT moCvenebiT, fasadur demokratias. amdenad didi mniSvneloba aqvs yalbi da WeSmariti demokratiis erTmaneTisgan gamijvnas. xSirad avtoritaruli reJimebi demokratiis saxeliT iniRbebian es maT sWirdebaT saerTaSoriso imijisaTvis aseve imisTvis, rom mosaxleobasac Seuqmnan demokratiis iluzia. napoleon III safrangeTSi ar gaauqma arCevnebi, is arsebobda formalurad, radgan garkveuli meqanizmebis meSveobiT misi funqcionireba arafris momcemi iyo. roca demokratiis mniSvnelovani elementebi izRudeba, rCeba mxolod demokratiis cneba. TviT faSistebic ki emxrobodnen demokratias. oRond maTi rwmeniT namdvili demokratia absolitur diqtaturas niSnavda. arsebobs Sexeduleba, rom demokratia gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT Tu romel saxelmwifoSi aris is damyarebuli, miiCneven, rom demokratia unda miesadagos im kulturas da tradiciebs, rac saxelmwifoSia damkvidrebuli, magram aseTi midgoma mcdaria.Ddemokratias Tavisi faseulobebi aqvs, amitom demokratia ki ar unda miesadagos saxelmwifos, aramed saxelmwifom unda miiRos is.Y demokratia efeqturia imdenad, ramdenadac uzrunvelyofilia sulieri da materialuri pirobebiT. misi damyarebisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom sazogadoebis mxridan gacnobierebuli iyos rogorc demokratiis aucilebloba, aseve misi ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobac.
IV კურსი. ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის უნივერსიტეტი
sityva ,,demokratia” momdinareobs berZnulidan. ,,demos” niSnavs ,,xalxs”, xolo ,,kratos” ,,mmarTvelobas”. demokratiis Sesaxeb bevri dawerila da albaT momavalSic daiwereba. igi rogorc Zveli berZeni swavlulebis, ise Tanamedrove politikuri Teoritikosebis ganxilvis da kvlevis sagania. da mainc, am xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi demokratiis Tema ara Tu ar amowurula, aramed SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is dRes iseTi aqtualuria, rogorc arc arasodes yofila. xazgasasmelia is garemoebac, rom demokratiis gageba yovelTvis erTnairi, sworxazovani ar yofila. istoriis svlasTan erTad demokratiisadmi damokidebulebac Seicvala. Zveli berZnebisaTvis igi mmarTvelobis mankier formasTan asocirdeboda da erTgvarad gaigivebuli iyo ,,brbos mmarTvelobasTan”. aristotele magaliTad aRniSnavda, rom saukeTesoa mmarTvelobis iseTi forma, romelic miznad isaxavs mTeli sazogadoebis keTildReobas. aseTad mas miaCnda poliarqia, xolo demokratia misi azriT iTvaliswinebs ara mTeli sazogadoebis, aramed mxolod Raribebis interesebs. amdenad, is mmarTvelobis araswor formas warmoadgens. demokratias mmarTvelobis araswor formad dResac ganixilaven mas kritikosebi. uinston CerCilma erTxel xumrobiT Tqva, rom demokratia aris mmarTvelobis yvelaze uaresi forma Tu ar CavTvliT mmarTvelobis yvela sxva cnobil formebs. unda aRiniSnos, rom mmarTvelobis sami ZiriTadi formidan: avtoritarizmi, totalitarizmi da demokratia istoriulad yvelaze metad avtoritaruli mmarTveloba iyo gavrcelebuli. XX saukunis 90-iani wlebisTvis msoflioSi saxelmwifoTa absolitur umravlesobaSi avtoritaruli reJimi iyo gavrcelebuli. laTinuri amerikis da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi 1980-ian wlebSi avtoritarizmi iyo mmarTvelobis Cveulebrivi forma, demokratia ki jer kidev ,,gamonaklis movlenas” warmoadgenda. Tu XX saukune SeiZleba erTgvarad daxasiaTdes rogorc avtoritarizmis xana, igives ver vityviT XXI saukuneze. dRes saxelmwifos ganviTarebis erT-erT mTavar sazoms warmoadgens is, Tu ramdenad demokratiulia is, ramdenad daculia masSi adamianis rogorc moqalaqis ZiriTadi uflebebi. avtoritaruli saxelmwifos imiji dRes ar aris sasargeblo saerTaSoriso asparezze. aseTi saxelmwifo ganixileba rogorc arasando partniori. iseTi saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, rogoricaa nato da evrokavSiri pirdapir moiTxoven demokratiuli faseulobebis dacvas saxelmwifoebisagan. aucilebelia, rom saxelmwifoebi akmayofilebdnen mTel rig kriteriumebs, raTa gaxdnen maTi srulfasovani wevrebi. evrokavSiris regulaciebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa ara marto wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis, aramed im qveynebisTvisac, romlebic iswrafvian evrokavSirSi gawevrianebisaken. ,,civi omis” periodSi arsebuli dapirispireba sabWoTa kavSirsa da aSS-s Soris arsebiTad SeiZleba SevafasoT rogorc dapirispireba totalitarizmsa da demokratias Soris. igi aSS-s erTpirovnuli gamarjvebiT dasrulda. swored aman ubiZga frensis fukuiamas Tavis ,,istoriis dasasrulSi” imis Tqmisken, rom demokratias alternativa ar gaaCnia, rom mxolod amerikuli stilis liberaluri demokratia gvTavazobs sicocxlisunarian ekonomikur da politikur sistemebs. XX saukunis avtoritaruli da totalitaruli reJimebis ngreviT erTgvarad gamarTlda fukuiamas winaswarmetyveleba. avtoritaruli reJimebis ngreva Cveni istoriis Tanmdev movlenad iqca. amis erT-erTi mizezi SeiZleba iyos isic, rom XXI saukuneSi aseTi reJimebisadmi damokidebuleba Seicvala. saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba ar aris Semwynarebeli maT mimarT. igi aRiqmeba, rogorc saerTaSoriso sistemisTvis, msofliosTvis ara sasurveli da saWiroa misi reformireba da es ar warmoadgens, mxolod konkretuli saxelmwifos mosaxleobis sazrunavs, saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba valdebulebas iRebs Caerios am saxelmwifos Sida saqmeebSi raTa aRkveTos is usamarTloba, romelsac saxelmwifo iCens Tavisi moqalaqeebis mimarT. magram aq dgeba meore sakiTxi ramdenad marTebulia saxelmwifos Sida saqmeebSi Careva? vin iZleva imis garantias, rom Camrevi saxelmwifo ar gadaametebs Tavis funqciebs da dakmayofildeba, mxolod daZabuli mdgomareobis ganmuxtviT? Ees kiTxva dRemde pasuxgaucemelia. liberaluri demokratia rogorc dasavluri fenomeni dafuZnebulia swored dasavlur kulturaze da Rirebulebebze, swored es aris erT –erTi umTavresi mizezi imisa, rom igi ver imkvidrebs fexs islamur samyaroSi. islamur saxelmwifoebSi ufro metia religiis gavlena dasavlur samyarosTan SedarebiT, rom aviRoT igive adamianis uflebebi, vnaxavT, rom islamur samyaroSi qalTa uflebebi ar aris im doneze ganviTarebuli, rogorc dasavleTis demokratiul samyaroSi. demokratiis damkvidrebisTvis jer saWiroa saTanado niadagis momzadeba. is saxelmwifoebi, romlebsac ar aqvT demokratiis gamocdileba, awydebian rig problemebs misi damyarebis procesSi. es gamowveulia imiT, rom maT ar aqvT saTanado politikuri kultura, ar arsebobs samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, romelic aqtiur monawileobas iRebs politikur procesebSi. saWiroa am sazogadoebis politikuri cnobierebis gardaqmna. yovelive amas ki sakmaod didi dro sWirdeba. im saxelmwifoebma, romlebic demokratiuli aRmSeneblobis gzaze dganan, saWiroa reformebi ganaxorcielon nabij-nabij da ara erTbaSad. zog SemTxvevaSi demokratiaze gadasvlis dros saxelmwifoebi ar iTvaliswineben im faqts, rom demokratias Sesabamisi safuZvlis momzadeba sWirdeba da iseT politikur kursebs axorcieleben, rogorsac ganviTarebuli demokratiuli saxelmwifoebi. magram vinaidan mas ar aqvs myari safuZveli ar aris efeqturi. Sedegad ki viRebT moCvenebiT, fasadur demokratias. amdenad didi mniSvneloba aqvs yalbi da WeSmariti demokratiis erTmaneTisgan gamijvnas. xSirad avtoritaruli reJimebi demokratiis saxeliT iniRbebian es maT sWirdebaT saerTaSoriso imijisaTvis aseve imisTvis, rom mosaxleobasac Seuqmnan demokratiis iluzia. napoleon III safrangeTSi ar gaauqma arCevnebi, is arsebobda formalurad, radgan garkveuli meqanizmebis meSveobiT misi funqcionireba arafris momcemi iyo. roca demokratiis mniSvnelovani elementebi izRudeba, rCeba mxolod demokratiis cneba. TviT faSistebic ki emxrobodnen demokratias. oRond maTi rwmeniT namdvili demokratia absolitur diqtaturas niSnavda. arsebobs Sexeduleba, rom demokratia gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT Tu romel saxelmwifoSi aris is damyarebuli, miiCneven, rom demokratia unda miesadagos im kulturas da tradiciebs, rac saxelmwifoSia damkvidrebuli, magram aseTi midgoma mcdaria.Ddemokratias Tavisi faseulobebi aqvs, amitom demokratia ki ar unda miesadagos saxelmwifos, aramed saxelmwifom unda miiRos is.Y demokratia efeqturia imdenad, ramdenadac uzrunvelyofilia sulieri da materialuri pirobebiT. misi damyarebisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom sazogadoebis mxridan gacnobierebuli iyos rogorc demokratiis aucilebloba, aseve misi ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobac.
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